Please read and discuss the following case study

prove that she had a visa and permission to work as a domestic worker in the Dubai, thereby making her vulnerable to deportation.

Tasneem was told that she would receive USD100 per week. In reality her employers only agreed to pay her USD 75 per month which they claimed they were sending to an account in Bangladesh. However, Tasneem is not yet sure if any money has been paid into that account and the social workers say that, based on their previous experience of similar situations, it is extremely unlikely that any payments have been made. Government regulations concerning the employment of foreigners often makes the situation worse by only allowing domestic workers into the country to accompany their employer. The fact that the migrant does not have a work permit in their own right makes it impossible for them to change employers. Employers can also with-hold wages until they have accumulated several months of backpay, thereby making it much more difficult for the worker to leave. This, combined with their isolation and precarious legal status, leaves migrant workers extremely vulnerable and many are subjected to a range of human rights violations, including physical and sexual abuse as well as forced labour.

Which labour rights issues does Tasneem face, while working abroad? Please use your earlier notes and discuss this case in detail.

Group 1: Employment contract, forced labour, abuse and discrimination

Group 2: Working hours, leave, payment and wages

Case Study 2: Please read and discuss the following case study

Hasim, a 35 year old mason, has been a migrant worker for the last 10 years and has worked in 3 different countries. At the beginning, he did not know how to migration and went through a local labour contractor. He just heard that in the Gulf countries, one can just earn so much more income and regularly send money back home. The contractor charged 3 lakh Taka but organised tickets, visa and working permits for him. When he arrived, he had to give his passport to the employer. They prefer it that way. He does not really understand what is written in the contract, since it is in Arabic. Because of this, he could not change his job even though he would get much better pay and better working conditions. He works for more than 12 hrs a day and does only get a short break for namaz on Friday afternoon. No leave is provided. He does not get paid for his overtime even though he knows that as per the law, he should get paid and get leave. To save money, he shares a house with his friends. He is paid per hour but not for over time. He earns 400 USD per month but has to pay back his loan to the labour contractor who also charged him 10 % interest. It took him 2 years to pay back the loan. He wants to send back at least 200 USD per month but manages to only send 100 USD every second month. One day, he got into a fight with the employer because 

he wanted to cut his income, since he did not come to work. He was very sick at that time. The employer threatened him that he would deport him and so Hasim had to give in and accept the wage cut. Hasim often asks whether it is worth doing this work but dreams of the moment when he can go back, live in his own house and have his own business.

Which labour rights issues does Hasim face, while working abroad? Please use your earlier notes and discuss this case in detail.

Group 1: Employment contract, forced labour, abuse and discrimination

Group 2: Working hours, leave, payment and wages

CASE 1: Tasneem	CASE 2: Hasim
Employment contract: no own work permit Forced labour, abuse and harassment: -    no freedom to move, could not keep passport -    cannot leave house, cannot make phone call -    threatened Abuse: shouting and beating	Employment contract: no own work permit Forced labour, abuse and harassment: -    no freedom to move, could not keep passport -    cannot change job -    threatened Abuse: shouting and beating
Working hours: 15 hrs a day Leave: no leave Payment and wages: Paid at all? -    75 USD instead of 100 USD, no overtime pay -    Withholding of money	Working hours: 12 hrs a day Leave: no leave, wage cut when sick Payment and wages: -    400 USD - no overtime pay